Die fungistatische Wirkung von diäthanoloaminhaltigem Gel unter in vivo Bedingungen: A Fungistatic Effect of Diethanoloamine Gel Preparation under in vivo Conditions

Zusammenfassung: Zur Behandlung einer bei Meerschweinchen durch Trichophyton mentagrophytes hervorgerufenen Trichophytie wurde ein 10% diäthanoloaminhaltiges Präparat in Gelform angewandt. Als Kontrollgruppe dienten Tiere die mit Canesten-Creme behandelt wurden. Sowohl klinische Beobachtungen als auch mykologische und histopathologische Befunde bestätigen die therapeutische Wirksamkeit von Diäthanoloamin.
Summary: A 10% diethanoloamine gel preparation was used to treat an experimental trichophytosis of guinea pigs challenged by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The control group was made up by animals treated with Canesten creme. Clinical observations, as well as mycologic and histopathologic studies have confirmed the therapeutic effectiveness of diethanoloamin.     

Effects of Adrenergic P-Blockers and a Membrane Stabilizing Agent on Ouabain-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias in Anaesthetized Guinea Pigs

Abstract The antiarrhythmic effects of dl-propranolol, d-propranolol, metoprolol and lidocaine against ouabain-induced cardiac arrhythmias were studied. It was found that contrary to earlier findings in the dog, the effects of the adrenergic β-blockers against ouabain-arrhythmias in guinea pigs were due to β-blocking activity and not the membrane-stabilizing activity of the compounds. The cardioselective β-blocker, metoprolol, was more or equally effective as dl-propranolol against ouabain-induced arrhythmias in guinea pigs.     

Calcium accumulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum in whole muscle homogenate preparations of malignant hyperthermia diagnostic patients and pigs

Calcium accumulation by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in whole muscle homogenate preparations of malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MH+) and non-susceptible (MH-) humans and pigs was investigated using a calcium electrode at 35 degrees C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum of MH+ humans and pigs showed normal Ca2+ accumulation, with no difference being observed in the rate and the time taken to achieve maximal accumulation. However, the capacity for Ca2+ accumulation by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in MH+ humans and pigs is considerably less stable than normal after prolonged ageing of the whole muscle homogenate preparations in ice. In MH+ patients, the capacity for Ca2+ accumulation by the sarcoplasmic reticulum showed a decline of 62% at 22 h ageing and 70% at 48 h ageing, as compared with a reduction of only 23% in MH- patients. In MH+ pigs, the sarcoplasmic reticulum showed a 96% deterioration in the capacity for Ca2+ accumulation as compared with a loss of only 40% in MH- pigs at 7 h ageing in ice. In both humans and pigs, the decline in Ca2+ accumulation was prevented by incubating the whole muscle homogenate preparations for 2 h at 35 degrees C prior to ageing the preparations. The diminished Ca2+ accumulating capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in whole muscle homogenate preparations of MH-susceptible individuals in our experimental protocol provides a potential diagnostic test for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility.     

Arachidonate Metabolism is Changed by Dipyridamole in Guinea Pig Isolated Lungs

Abstract: Fifty nmol of ¹⁴C-arachidonic acid was injected into the pulmonary circulation of guinea pig isolated lungs and the metabolites were analysed from the non-recirculating perfusion effluent. The main metabolites in the effluent were thromboxane B₂ (TxB₂), 6-keto-PGF_1α, a metabolite group migrating on TLC plate near to 15-keto-PGE₂ and a group of two metabolites (probably 12L-hydroperoxy- and 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acids). Pulmonary infusion of dipyridamole (20 μM) increased the amount of TxB₂ in the perfusion effluent. The amounts of other metabolites were unchanged. 2, 20 or 100 μM of dipyridamole had no effect in vitro on the activity of NAD⁺-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the 100,000Xg supernatant fraction of guinea pig lungs.     

心房肽类物质对大鼠心肌和豚鼠工作心脏功能的影响

作者研究了猪心房肽类提取物对豚鼠和大鼠离体心脏的作用。结果表明,心房肽类物质可使豚鼠工作心脏LVP升高(P<0.05),左室内压微分±dp/dt max也相应增加(P<0.05);心率有所降低(P<0.05)。而心输出量,主动脉流量和冠脉流量无明显变化。在5～150×10~(-4)mg/L浓度下,可使大鼠左心房功能性不应期延长,兴奋性降低,右心房自律性降低。对左房收缩性无显著影响。     

Kinetic Studies of Dose-Dependent Metabolism of Alprenolol: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies in Different Species

Abstract Kinetic studies of the metabolism of alprenolol were performed with isolated microsomes from the rat, guinea-pig, dog and man at an initial substrate concentration of 0.17-150 μM. In all species the rate of aromatic hydroxylation reached a plateu above 50 μM of alprenolol in contrast to the rate of desisopropylation, where consistent saturation level was not obtained. The Km-values for the aromatic hydroxylation in the guinea-pig and man, 2 ,7 μM and 1.3 μM respectively, showed no concentration dependency in contrast to the rat (Km₁ = 0.20 μM, Km₂ = 26 μM) and the dog (Km₁ = 0.78 μM, Km₂ = 66 μM). The apparent Km-value of 0.20 μM for aromatic hydroxylation in the rat seemed to be of the same order of magnitude as reported spectral dissociation constant (Ks = 0.34 μM). In vivo experiments in the rat by oral administration of 7-700 μmol/kg demonstrated a dose-dependent presystemic elimination of alprenolol. The urinary excretion of hydroxy-alprenolol was significantly lower after the highest dose. It is proposed, that the saturation of the aromatic hydroxylation, catalyzed by a high affinity site or subspecies of cytochrome P-450 with a low capacity. contributes to the dose-dependent kinetics in vivo.     

Studies on the inactivation of encephalitogenic myelin basic protein by serum

This study confirms previous reports that myelin basic protein loses its encephalitogenic activity when incubated in normal serum at 37 degrees C. The mechanisms for this was studied. 125I-labelled human myelin basic protein was rapidly degraded by normal guinea pig serum to low molecular weight products as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An intermediate product of molecular weight about 6000 daltons was seen. Plasma had a much lower degradative activity than serum; the half life of myelin basic protein was 3.8 hours in plasma compared with 12 minutes in serum. Serum degraded myelin basic protein was no longer capable of suppressing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the guinea pig nor of eliciting delayed-type hypersensitivity in guinea pigs sensitized to myelin basic protein.     

Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zum Feinbau und zur Enzymverteilung im Sulcus spiralis externus der Cochlea

Summary The ultrastructure of the external sulcus of the cochlea of young healthy guinea pigs and hamsters was investigated as well as the distribution of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in this region.The demonstration of LDH activity was carried out as follows. The unfixed and undecalcified cochlea was cut in 80 m thick frozen sections, which were incubated immediately in the reaction mixture for LDH and subsequently fixed with paraformaldehyde. For electron microscopy the usual procedure was applied.The epithelial cells of the external sulcus show deep reaching extensions into the vessel-rich connective tissue of the basal part of the spiral ligament. These roots are bound together into root bundles surrounded by the basement membrane and fibrills.The root cells differ in their ultrastructure. The light cells, which have been described previously, contain a number of stretched mitochondria and only few other cell organels. Beside these, dark cells can be found (Fig. 2). Their cytoplasm shows high contrast and contains many mitochondria, ribosomes, rough endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. In the dark cells big vascuoles can be seen. All these structures indicate a high rate of synthesis in the dark cells.The root cells are linked together by membranous foldings, which diverge in some parts, forming intercellular spaces in which small cell protrusions are found. Other intercellular gaps can also be detected building a system of small channels. It is possible that these structures serve for extracellular transport.The LDH activity, which is demonstrated by formazan deposits can be exclusively found in the root cells. This could be demonstrated in light microscopic semithin sections (Fig. 3) and with electron microscopy (Fig. 4).The possible role of LDH in the root cells is discussed.

Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Zmu-1:DHP豚鼠的随机扩增多态性DNA分析

目的：研究Zmu-1：DHP豚鼠基因组DNA的遗传多态性及其遗传概貌，探讨随机引物PCR(RAPD—PCR)在豚鼠遗传质量检测中运用的可行性。方法：用RAPD—PCR法，对新培育的Zmu—1：DHP豚鼠和对照品系DHP豚鼠的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。结果：从40条随机引物中，筛选出2条呈多态性的引物，分别是第S1202号和第S1219号引物。Zmu—1：DHP品系的扩增产物无多态性变化，而且其条带与多数DHP品系的个体相同。少数DHP品系的个体呈多态性变化，并找到该品系增加和缺失的特征性条带各一种。结论：Zmu—1：DHP品系的基因纯合性及个体一致性较DHP品系高。二个品系的DNA序列存在较少差异，说明豚鼠品系间遗传结构比较接近。一旦选定具有多态性的引物，RAPD—PCR法可以区分豚鼠品系，适用于豚鼠遗传质量检定。     

黄龙舒喘颗粒对哮喘豚鼠血浆溶血血小板激活因子(Lyso-PAF)的影响

目的:探讨黄龙舒喘颗粒对哮喘豚鼠血浆溶血血小板激活因子的影响。方法:用10%卵清蛋白行豚鼠腹腔注射,2w后用1%卵清蛋白雾化吸入,每d1次,连续5d。同时,分别用生理盐水、抵克立得、黄龙舒喘颗粒干预。取动脉血测定Lyso-PAF的含量。结果:生理盐水组Lyso-PAF为(89.59±6.96)ng/ml,抵克立得组Lyso-PAF为(60.20±2.18)ng/ml,黄龙舒喘颗粒组Lyso-PAF为(70.78±2.50)ng/ml。三者比较,P<0.01。结论:黄龙舒喘颗粒能显著降低哮喘豚鼠模型Lyso-PAF的含量